Linux Tutorial(linux command -1)

Most Linux systems have two basic modes for a system to run in text console mode or in graphical mode.

Login

Graphical mode

you will connect to the system using graphical mode when you are asked for your user nameand password.After entering your user name and password,it can take a little while before the graphical environment is started.To continue this exercise you will need to open a terminal window This terminal shows a standard prompt, which displays the user's login name,and the current working directory.

Text mode
Soon after the Linux started ,it will prompt user as login: for the username and password: for the password of the corresponding user.if the above operations are sucsessfull,the useris logged in to the system and given the prompt similar to terminal window prompt


Logout
If you want to logout current,type exit you can also use logout for the same effect

Switching account

logging in with a different account using su
$> su username

if it's right password you get identity and the right of the typed user

Virtual Consoles

• Ctrl + Alt + F1

Switch to the first text terminal.Under Linux you can have several

(6 in standard setup) terminals opend at the same time

• Ctrl + Alt + Fn (n=1...6)

Switch to the nth text terminal

• Ctrl + Alt + F7

Switch to the first GUI terminal(if X-windows is running on the terminal)

• Ctrl + Alt + Fn (n=7...12)

Switch to the nth GUI terminal

Control keys

The following control keys may be used to edit the command line and to affect the behaviourof running programs

• Tab
  
  (in text terminals) Autocomplete the command if there is only one option,or else show all the available options
• Arrow Up
  
  Scroll and edit the command history
• Ctrl + Alt + BkSpc
  
  (In X-window) Kill the current X-windows server.Use if the X-windows sever crus-hes and can't be exited normally
• Ctrl + Alt + Del
  
  Shut down the system(for a user at the text-mode console)
• Ctrl + C
  
  Kill the current process
• Ctrl + A
  
  Moves to start of line
• Ctrl + E
  
  Moves to end of line
• Ctrl + D
  
  Moves to end of file
• Ctrl + W
  
  Erases one word in the Current line
• Ctrl + U
  
  Erases the whole line
• Ctrl + R
  
  Type to bring up recent command